Safeguarding Port Health in Sub-Saharan Africa; Challenges and Prospects

Abstract

The rapid increase in global mobility for economic and social satisfaction, and re-emergence of diseases has increased the need for health checks at international borders, particularly at points of entry (PoEs) like airports, ports, and land crossings. This study examines port health challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the need for robust health systems to prevent disease spread, establish trust, and promote public health initiatives globally. The study analysed challenges in border management and healthcare facilities through both qualitative and quantitative research. It used a systematic approach called thematic analysis to identify seven themes: Border Management and Cross-Border Movement Issues, Lack of Medical Infrastructure, Operational and Logistical Barriers, Lack of Training, Societal Challenges, Border Control and Cross-border Movement Collaboration Issues, and Technical and Equipment Constraints. The most frequently cited challenges in international transit points include operational and logistical barriers (20.69%), border control and cross-border movement issues (17.24%), lack of medical infrastructure, supplies, and equipment (17.24%), governance, policy, and regulation issues (17.24%), and lack of training, awareness, and standards (13.79%). These challenges highlight the need for collaboration across different disciplines and the importance of health protocols at these transit points. The study reveals a complex web of health protocols, professional involvement, and operations at Sub-Saharan transit points. It highlights the need to mitigate cross-border health threats and address operational, logistical, and border control challenges. Addressing tangible needs like infrastructural development is crucial, but navigating intangible requisites like policy enhancements and border control mechanisms is also crucial. Solutions involve a blend of technical advancements, robust policy frameworks, and human resource competence. A holistic approach is needed to ensure resource adequacy and responsive governance.