The Relationship Between Sociodemographics and HIV Risk and Outcomes: An Analysis of The Evidence in Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract

Introduction: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a type of retrovirus that affects the immunity of the person. The failure of the immune system leads to AIDs (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is an increasing prevalence of HIV-positive individuals in Pakistan. Objectives: Our study analyzes the existing evidence on the relationship between sociodemographic factors and HIV risk and outcomes. The study aims to examine how factors such as gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, and occupation may affect HIV risk, access to prevention and treatment services, and HIV-related health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey, based on 350 individuals, and data was collected from Country Control and Confidential Testing Centre (VCCT), collaborating tertiary care hospitals of Lahore; Jinnah Hospital Lahore, and Mayo Hospital Lahore. This design provided valuable insights into the prevalence and distribution of sociodemographic factors associated with HIV risk and outcomes in the population. Results:  Out of the total 350 participants, 84.2% were male, 9.5% were female, and 6.3% were transgender. Among the participants, 60% were literate, and 40% were illiterate. In terms of occupation, 37.9% were processed/factory workers, 27.4% were elementary workers, 25.3% were skilled trade workers, and 9.5% were sex workers. Based on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in this study, we can see that the majority of the participants were male and married. The determinants have significant effects on the patients' lives and disparities. Determined by the regression model to compare the effects. Conclusion: Based on the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in this study, we can conclude that the sample was predominantly male and married, with a significant proportion engaged in physically demanding occupations. It is important to consider the potential impact of these factors on the study's findings and generalizability to other populations.