Prevalence And Challenges Of Enteric Fever In South Saharan Africa

Abstract

The faecal-oral route is one way that enteric fever, which is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), is spread. It is still a problem for public health in many Sub-Saharan African developing nations. School-aged children are disproportionately impacted, particularly those from underdeveloped communities with insufficient water and sewage infrastructure. An estimated 400,000 cases, or an incidence of 50 per 100,000 people, are reported each year in Africa. Ineffective diagnosis frequently results in ineffective management and treatment of these infections. Additionally, the emergence and spread of S. Typhi strains in most developing nations that are resistant to multiple drug classes has posed a significant problem for the health care systems by reducing the number of effective treatment options, raising treatment costs, and raising the risk of complications and death. Enteric fever appears to be widespread in Ghana, Nigeria, Mali, Ethiopia, and Kenya, despite the fact that there isn't much information from sub-Saharan Africa that has been published. Priority should be given to improving enteric fever surveillance systems, given the significance of data on illness incidence for focusing control efforts, such as better sanitation and water supply, vaccination, and evaluating impact